Repeated Medical PG Question- 76

#MICROBIOLOGY (NEET Pattern)

A 12-year old boy is brought with tonic-clonic convulsions. CT brain shows parenchymal calcifications.The causative worm as depicted Image is?

A. Cysticercus cellulosae 

B. Cysticercus bovis 

C. Procercoid larvae 

D. Plerocercoid larvae 

Answer is A.Cysticercus cellulosae

TAENIA SOLIUM & CYSTICERCOSIS :

• Intermediate host – pig 

• larval forms in the tissues - cysticercosis 

• Most common site of cysts – brain; least common – eye  

• Infective stage: Cysticercus cellulosae in pork flesh  

• Infection can also be acquired by ingestion of eggs (with contaminated vegetables) 

• Eggs – Neurocysticercosis; Larva – Muscular cysticercosis 

• Cysticercus cyst has 3 layers: outer cuticle layer, middle nuclear layer and inner parenchymal layer NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS 

• New-onset partial seizures - most common presentation of neurocysticercosis 

• Generalized seizures can also be present 

• Can produce increased ICP by interference with CSF flow 

• Diplopia may also result from increased ICP or compression of cranial nerves III, IV, or VI 

• Treatment: Albendazole + Corticosteroid

 • For children, the dose of albendazole - 15 mg/kg per day (maximum 800 mg) in two doses for 8 - 30 days. 

• Praziquantel or albendazole are contraindicated in ocular cysticercosis. 

• Niclosamide is not given for neurocysticercosis due to risk of cyst rupture. 

Q- Treatment given to entamoeba cyst carriers is?

            A. Metronidazole

            B. Diloxanide furoate 

            C. Paromomycin

            D. Nitzoxzanide

Answer is C. Paromomycin

Asymptomatic individuals with documented E. histolytica infection should be treated because of the risks of developing amebic colitis or amebic liver abscess in the future and of transmitting the infection to others.

Paromomycin or iodoquinol should be used in these cases.

Q-  Which of the following structure is disrupted by Vibrio cholerae?

      A. Hemi desmosome

      B. Gap junctions

      C. Zona occludens

      D. Zona adherens

Answer is C. Zona occludens

Vibrio cholerae also produces additional toxins that may contribute to disease, including the zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) that alters intestinal permeability by acting on intestinal epithelial cells tight junctions, and the accessory cholera endotoxin (ACE)." 

Cholera toxin:

🔹Vibrio cholerae secretes enterotoxin protein.

🔹Encoded by bacteriophage (CT Xfi resident in V. cholera).

Enterotoxin:

🔹Made up of 1A subunit (composed of 1A1 & 1 A2 peptide joined by disulfide link) & 5B subunits.

Other toxins:

🔹Zonula occludens toxin (ZOT):

Alters intestinal permeability by acting on intestinal epithelial cells tight junctions.

🔹Accessory cholera endotoxin (ACE).