Repeated Medical PG Question- 100

#PHYSIOLOGY(NEET-PG)

Q- Proteoglycan present in the glomerular basement membrane is? 

       A. Keratan sulphate 1 

       B. Keratan sulphate 2 

       C. Heparan sulphate 

       D. Chondroitin sulphate

ANSWER= C. Heparan sulphate

Explain:- The glomerular membrane (or the filtration barrier) is the filtration surface through which the fluid is filtered out from the blood. The glomerular membrane (filtration barrier) comprises: 1. The glomerular capillary endothelium. 2. The basement membrane (basal lamina). 3. The Bowman's visceral epithelium (podocytes). Important constituents of glomerular membrane include, - Laminin - Type 4 collagen - Nidogen - Proteoglycans - (Heparan sulphate)

 

Q- The reflex in which there is inhibition of gastric emptying when there is acid and hypertonic solution in the duodenum? 

       A. Enterogastric 

       B. Gastroileal 

       C. Gastrocolic 

       D. Myenteric

ANSWER= A. Enterogastric
Explain:- The enterogastric reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastroileal reflex and the gastrocolic reflex. The enterogastric reflex is stimulated by duodenal distension. It can also be stimulated by a pH of 3-4 in the duodenum and by a pH of 1.5 in the stomach. The main neural influence in gastric emptying is thought to be mediated via an inhibitory mechanism referred to as the enterogastric reflex. Fats, fatty acids, soaps, protein digestive products, acids, and hypertonic solutions in the small intestine inhibit motility.

 

Q- A 30 years old came with complaints of easy fatigability, exertional dyspnea, and weight loss. She also complains of frequent falls. physical examination revealed there was a bilateral decrease in vibration sense. Her hemoglobin levels were 8.2g%. She was treated with folate. Her anemia improved but neurological symptoms worsened. Which of the following is the most probable reason for her condition?

A. Folate not absorbed 

B. Unmasked pyridoxine deficiency 

C. Deficiency of folate reductase in CNS

D. Folate therapy caused rapid use of Vit B12 stores aggravating symptoms

ANSWER= D. Folate therapy caused rapid use of Vit B12 stores aggravating symptoms
Explain:- Vitamin B12 is required for the recycling of tetrahydrofolate, the form of folate that is needed for DNA synthesis. In keeping with this relationship, the anemia of vitamin B12 deficiency is reversed with the administration of folate. By contrast, folate administration does not prevent and may, in fact, worsen the neurologic symptoms